Apparatus and method for generating rotational torque utilizing a high velocity jet

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for generating rotational torque utilizing a jet stream created by a converging-diverging nozzle within a cylindrical housing wherein the jet stream flows along an internal circumference of said cylindrical housing. Such a high velocity jet stream can be used to drive a rotor within said cylindrical housing to generate the desired torque, which in turn can be used to generate energy.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field of the Invention

The invention relates in general to an apparatus for generatingrotational torque within a cylindrical housing a rotor. Morespecifically, creating a converging-diverging nozzle on the outersurface of the rotor placed in an inner surface of a cylindrical housingby using specifically designed protrusions on the rotor itself to createa high velocity jet.

2. Description of the Related Art

Throughout history, men have always struggled to generate power and tofind an effective way to achieve such a goal. As our society developsand expands, more and more of our lives depend on the continuousdelivery of power. One specific type of power is rotational torque,which is the turning power of something that is rotating.

Electricity is one of the major power sources that we depend on in oursociety today, and very often electricity is generated from a mechanicalenergy source such as torque, allowing conversion of kinetic energystored in rotational torque to be converted to electrical energy.

Rotational torque has always been one of the basic methods of powergeneration and it can come in numerous ways and forms. Many modern daydevices such as windmills and dams all utilize turbines that spin arounda central axis to generate torque. However, these methods of generatingenergy are complex and expensive, and most importantly can often beinefficient.

Jet engines, on the other hand offer a very efficient method ofgenerating power by energy through compression of the fluid. A highvelocity jet stream is created as a result of the jet engines,generation a high amount of linear thrust. Linear thrust, althoughpowerful, is not efficient in generating usable energy. Consequently,despite its immense efficiency, jet engines fall short in generatingusable energy.

Several attempts have been made to combine the efficient power of highvelocity jet stream with that of a turbine to create usable rotationaltorque energy. One of the many examples is the use the high velocitythrust of a jet engine aimed at a turbine blade to generate rotationaltorque. This method can be seen in jet airplanes utilizing the exhaustfrom the combustion to turn a turbine that is connected to a compressorat the beginning of the jet engine. However, this method is still flawedbecause it still utilizes a traditional turbine, consequently stillsuffers from the lack of efficiency.

Due to the foregoing, it can be seen that there is a need in the art fora simple, effective, efficient, and cost effective way of utilizing jetengine power to create a usable energy in a form such as rotationaltorque rather than just linear thrust.

Consequently, it would be an advance in the art to provide an apparatusand method that can take advantages of all the benefits of a jet enginewithout the inefficient drawbacks of a turbine that is perpendicular tothe direction of the linear thrust.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To minimize the limitations found in the prior art, and to minimizeother limitations that will be apparent upon the reading of thespecifications, the present invention provides an apparatus and a methodgenerating rotational torque that will allow the utilization of highvelocity jet stream along the circumference of a rotating rotor. When ahigh velocity jet stream is created along the circumference of arotating rotor, rotational torque can be generated in a simple, elegantmanner that can eliminate the complex machinery often associated withtraditional turbine machines used to generate rotational torque.

An apparatus in accordance with the present invention for generatingrotational torque comprises of a hollow cylindrical housing, and inletattached to said hollow cylindrical housing for allowing a flow of fluidinto said hollow cylindrical housing, an outlet attached to said hollowcylindrical housing for allowing said flow of fluid out of said hollowcylindrical housing, and a rotor enclosed within said hollow cylindricalhousing; wherein said rotor creates a jet stream within said cylindricalhousing to accelerate said flow of fluid within said hollow cylindricalhousing to accelerate a rotation of said rotor.

An additional apparatus in accordance with the present invention forgenerating rotational torque comprises of a hollow cylindrical housing,an inlet attached to said hollow cylindrical housing for allowing afluid into said hollow cylindrical housing, an outlet attached to saidhollow cylindrical housing for allowing said flow of fluid out of saidhollow cylindrical housing, and a rotor enclosed within said cylindricalhousing; wherein said rotor is shaped with a plurality of diametricallyopposed protrusions to generate resistance to said flow of fluidcreating a jet stream within said hollow cylindrical housing.

A method in accordance with the present invention for generatingrotation torque comprises of supplying a flow of fluid into a hollowcylindrical housing through an inlet; wherein said flow of fluid flowsalong an internal circumference of said hollow cylindrical housing,creating a jet stream within said cylindrical housing to accelerate saidflow of fluid within said hollow cylindrical housing, spinning a rotorabout the center of said hollow cylindrical housing to generate saidrotational torque, and discharging said flow of fluid out of said hollowcylindrical housing through an outlet.

It is an objective of the present invention to generate rotationaltorque in a simple, efficient, inexpensive, and elegantly manner that isdifficult to achieve during traditional turbine technology.

It is another objective of the present invention to generate rotationaltorque using a high velocity jet stream created within a cylindricalhousing to accelerate the flow of said fluid.

It is yet another objective of the present invention to allow the flowof fluid along the internal circumference of said housing to create thehigh velocity jet stream instead of having the jet stream flowingparallel to the axis of rotation of the fanblade.

It is yet another objective of the present invention to utilize the highkinetic energy of the high velocity jet streams in an efficient mannerto generate rotational torque.

It is yet another objective of the present invention to generaterotational torque without the complexities associated with turbines.

It is yet another objective of the present invention to generaterotational torque in a way that eliminates the need of traditionalfanblade associated with turbine.

It is yet another objective of the present invention to create the highvelocity jet stream using a converging-diverging nozzle.

It is yet another objective of the present invention utilizing aplurality protrusions placed along the outer circumference of said rotoron the rotor to generate force required to create torque using the highvelocity jet stream.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Elements in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale inorder to enhance their clarity and improve understanding of thesevarious elements and embodiments of the invention. Furthermore, elementsthat are known to be common and well understood to those in the industryare not depicted in order to provide a clear view of the variousembodiments of the invention, thus the drawings are generalized in formin the interest of clarity and conciseness.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the current invention explaining the highvelocity jet effect.

FIG. 2 is an additional sectional view of the current inventionexplaining the high velocity jet with an alternate inlet position.

FIG. 3 is an isometric exploded view of the current invention

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of one embodiment wherein the currentinvention can be used to generate electricity

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the following discussion that addresses a number of embodiments andapplications of the present invention, reference is made to theaccompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is shown byway of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may bepracticed. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilizedand changes may be made without departing from the scope of the presentinvention.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the current invention to show the innerworkings of a converging-diverging nozzle creating a high velocity jetstream to generate rotational torque. FIG. 1 shows an inlet 100 and anoutlet 102 to facilitate the flow of a fluid. Rotor 104 spins about acentral axis of rotation 106 through a shaft 108. The hollow cylindricalhousing is comprised of a first chord section 110 with an increasedradius on one side and a second chord section 112 with a decreasedradius on the other side. Finally, the current invention utilizes a setof diametrically opposed protrusions 114, one of which, working with thefirst chord section creates a converging-diverging nozzle 116.

Inlet 100 here in this case is connected to the hollow cylindricalhousing at the junction between first chord section 110 with anincreased radius and second chord section 112 with a decreased radius toprovide a flow of fluid into the system. However, inlet 100 can beplaced along any section of the hollow cylindrical housing to achievethe same effect without departing from the scope of the presentinvention.

In an exemplary embodiment, compressed air is used at inlet 100 tosupply the fluid necessary for the operation of the current invention.However, numerous other fluids such as water, gas, or any other fluidmay be used for the operation of the current invention without departingfrom the scope of the present invention.

In another exemplary embodiment, hot compressed air can be used at inlet100, as the converging-diverging nozzle 116 can also be used to convertthermal energy stored in the fluid in heat into additional rotationaltorque. This heat can come from any source such as a combustion chamber,heating element, or any other source capable of raising the temperatureof the fluid without departing from the scope of the present invention.However, inlet 100 can also receive regular compressed fluid that is notheated and still create the desired high velocity jet stream withoutdeparting from the scope of the present invention.

Outlet 102 here in the current exemplary embodiment is connected to thehollow cylindrical housing at the other junction between first chordsection 110 with an increased radius and second chord section 112 with adecreased radius to provide a flow of fluid out of the system. Inanother word, outlet 102 is placed on diametrically opposite side ofinlet 100. Outlet 102, like inlet 100, can also be placed along anysection of the hollow cylindrical housing to achieve the same effectwithout departing from the scope of the present invention. Outlet 102 inthe current embodiment is shown as a straight circular hole; however,outlet 102 can also be in other geometry such as an angled expansionwithout departing from the scope of the present invention.

Rotor 104 in the current embodiment spins about the central axis ofrotation 106, after the converging-diverging nozzle 116 generates enoughthrust to push the rotation of rotor 104. The rotation of rotor 104spins shaft 108 which can be connected to numerous apparatuses that cantake advantage of the energy generated. (see FIG. 4) Rotor 104 generallyhas an outer diameter that is smaller than the inner diameter of thehollow cylindrical housing to allow the flow of air along thecircumference of rotor 104.

Rotor 104, in the current embodiment, is cylindrical in shape withdiametrically opposed protrusions 114 along the length of the cylinderto provide the requisite resistance to the flow of fluid, which flowsalong the circumference of rotor 104 itself. However, rotor 104 can berectangular, octagonal, hexagonal, or any polygonal shape capable ofproviding a surface for the flow of fluid without departing from thescope of the present invention.

Rotor 104, as seen in the current embodiment, can be made out of papercardboard that is sufficient to stand the pressure of the fluid into thesystem. However, rotor 104 can be made out of aluminum, steel, carbonfiber, composites, or any other material capable of withstanding thepressure of the fluid into the system without deforming withoutdeparting from the scope of the present invention.

Central axis of rotation 106, here in the current embodiment serves asthe center of both rotor 104 and hollow cylindrical housing; however,central axis of rotation 106 can be off-centered to increase or decreasethe converging-diverging nozzle effect without departing from the scopeof the present invention.

Shaft 108 in the current embodiment is attached to rotor 104, and spinsalong with rotor 104 as rotor 104 is driven by the high velocity jetstream within the hollow cylindrical housing. Shaft 108 extendslongitudinally beyond the ends of hollow cylindrical housing to allowattachment to another apparatus to utilize such rotational torqueenergy.

In the current exemplary embodiment, the rotational torque generated byshaft 108 can be used to generate electricity, as electricity is themost common source of energy needed. Rotational torque generated byshaft 108, can also be used to generate other sources of energy such asthermal energy and magnetic energy.

Shaft 108 in the current embodiment is made out of a wooden material forits structural rigidity and light weight characteristics; however, shaft108 can be made out of steel, aluminum, copper, or any other materialcapable of providing the requisite structural rigidity without departingfrom the scope of the present invention. Moreover, although shaft 108spins most effectively in a cylindrical shape, shaft 108 can be made outof numerous other shapes such as a rectangle, octagon, hexagon, or anyother polygonal shape without departing from the scope of the presentinvention.

First chord section 110 in the current invention has an increased radiusto allow a gap to be formed between the first chord section 110 and thediametrically opposed protrusions 114 to create a converging-divergingnozzle 116 that restrict the flow of fluid within that area. Such arestriction will help create a high velocity jet stream to drive therotation of the rotor 104 and spin shaft 108 by pushing the acceleratedflow towards the other diametrically opposed protrusion 114 in contactwith second chord section 112 with a decreased radius.

Second chord section 112 in the current invention, as mentioned above,has a decreased radius to eliminate the gap between second chord section112 and the diametrically opposed protrusions 114. This elimination ofthe gap impedes the high velocity jet stream flow of fluid, which causesthe rotor 104 to spin as the high velocity jet stream pushes against thediametrically opposed protrusions 114.

First chord section 110 covers about half of the circumference of thehollow cylindrical housing, with second chord section 112 with adecreased radius covering the other half. In the current embodiment,first chord section 110 and second chord section 112 are divided atinlet 100 and outlet 102; however, first chord section 110 and secondchord section 112 can divide at any two point along the circumference ofthe hollow cylindrical housing without departing from the scope of thepresent invention.

Diametrically opposed protrusions 114 are placed at opposite ends ofrotor 104 to create a converging-diverging nozzle 116 when rotating pastfirst chord section 110 with an increased radius and impedes the flow offluid when rotating past second chord section 112 with a decreasedradius. In the current exemplary embodiment, rotor 104 contain only twodiametrically opposed protrusions 114 to facilitate the high velocityjet stream; however, rotor 104 can contain three equally spacedprotrusions, four equally spaced protrusions, or any number ofprotrusions without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Diametrically opposed protrusions 114, in the current embodiment areplaced at diametrically opposite side of the other protrusion tofacilitate the most effective high velocity jet stream; however, thediametrically opposed protrusions 114 can technically be placed in anylocation along the outer circumference of rotor 104 without departingfrom the scope of the current invention.

In the current exemplary embodiment, diametrically opposed protrusions114 are made out of the same material as rotor 104 as a single unitaryunit. However, diametrically opposed protrusions 114 can be made out ofa different material that is capable of forming a converging-divergingnozzle 116 along the first chord section 110 and capable of impeding theflow of air along second chord section 112 without departing from thescope of the present invention. Additionally, diametrically opposedprotrusions can also be a separate attachment entity to achieve the samegoal instead of being a unitary piece with rotor 104 without departingfrom the scope of the present invention.

Converging-diverging nozzle 116 is created by the gap generated betweendiametrically opposed protrusions 114 and first chord section 110 withan increased radius. This gap does not exist between diametricallyopposed protrusions 114 and second chord section 112 because of thedecreased radius at second chord section 112. This arrangement, however,can be reversed with the converging-diverging nozzle 116 formed at asecond chord section 112 with an increased radius while decreasing theradius of first chord section 110 to achieve the same effect withoutdeparting from the scope of the present invention.

Although it is preferable to have a symmetrical rotor with identicaldiametrically opposed protrusions 114 while adjusting the radius of thechord sections 110 and 112 to achieve the converging-diverging nozzle116; the same converging-diverging nozzle 116 can be created by keepingthe radius of the chord sections 110 and 112 constant while varying thesize and location of diametrically opposed protrusions 114 withoutdeparting from the scope of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the current invention whereinthe inlet 202 is placed at a different location along the circumferenceof the hollow cylindrical housing. Additionally, inlet nozzle 204 isalso shown in this alternative embodiment to generate the high velocityjet stream required for the operation of the system instead of atconverging diverging nozzle 106 as in the previous embodiment. Inletnozzle 204 in the current embodiment is a straight circular hole,however, inlet nozzle 204 can be in numerous other geometries such as aconical expansion without departing from the scope of the presentinvention.

Inlet 202 here, in the current embodiment is placed near outlet 102instead of being placed at a location furthest away from outlet 102, asshown previously with inlet 100. With inlet 202, the flow of fluidpasses into hollow cylindrical housing, and reaches protrusion 114,wherein it encounters a resistance causing the flow of fluid backtowards outlet 102. However, because of the resistance created atprotrusion 114, the reactionary force from the resistance causes rotor104 to spin to generate the desired rotational torque.

Inlet nozzle 204 in this alternative embodiment creates the highvelocity jet in the system to be introduced into hollow cylindricalcylinder. This inlet nozzle 204 is used to create a high velocity jet byutilizing a converging-diverging effect. As shown in FIG. 2, the fluidentering the system suddenly diverging at inlet nozzle 204 to acceleratethe flow of air into hollow cylindrical housing.

Although in this preferred embodiment, inlet 202 is placed ninetydegrees away from outlet 102 to achieve maximum efficiency, inlet 202can be placed anywhere along first chord section 110 or second chordsection 112 without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Turning now to FIG. 3, it shows a three dimensional view of the currentinvention showing the connection between rotor 104 and hollowcylindrical housing 302. This figure gives a better view of the currentinvention, explaining how the components fit together. One additionalcomponent shown in FIG. 3 is the flap 302 attached to each end of rotor104, and a hollow cylindrical housing 300 containing end plate 304.

Hollow cylindrical housing 300 in the current invention creates ahousing to support rotor 104, and provide an area of rotation for rotor104. As shown in the current preferred embodiment, hollow cylindricalhousing 300 consists of a first chord section 110 with an increasedradius and a second chord section 112 with a decreased radius as shownabove in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 to facilitate the high velocity jet streameffect.

In the current exemplary embodiment hollow cylindrical housing 300 ismade out of a metal type material for its structural rigidity inmaintaining a rotational circumference for the flow of fluid into thesystem. However, hollow cylindrical housing 300 can be made out ofcardboard, wood, aluminum, or any other type of material capable ofproviding the requisite structural rigidity without departing from thescope of the present invention.

Rotor 104 slides in and out of hollow cylindrical housing 300 tocomplete the current invention to generate rotational torque energy.Flap 302 in the current invention is used to serve as a rotational guidefor rotor 104 enclosed within the hollow cylindrical housing 300. Flap302 are attached to each end of rotor 104, and serve to provide somebarrier for enclosing the flow of air within hollow cylindrical housing300. Additionally, flap 302 also serves as a rotational stabilizer toguide rotor 104 when it spins within cylindrical housing 300. Flap 302,although helpful in providing stability through operation, is notnecessary to the operation of the current invention, and could beeliminated without departing from the scope of the present invention.

End plate 304 serves as an essential element of the current invention increating the necessary seal for hollow cylindrical housing 300 by beingconnected at both open ends of hollow cylindrical housing 300. End plate304 is shown in the current embodiment without a center hole, however, acenter hole 306 is drilled to accommodate shaft 108 without departingfrom the scope of the current invention. Moreover, in the currentexemplary embodiment, an end plate 304 is required at both openings ofhollow cylindrical housing 300, although only one is shown in FIG. 3 fordemonstrative purposes.

End plate 304 in the current embodiment is made out of the same metallicmaterial as hollow cylindrical housing 300, and is removably attached tohollow cylindrical housing to form the requisite seal indicated above.However, end plate 304 can be made out of copper, aluminum, composite orany other material capable of forming a seal with hollow cylindricalhousing 300 without departing from the scope of the present invention.

FIG. 4 shows a system diagram of one embodiment of the current inventionwherein the current invention could be used to generate electricityusing a generator. FIG. 4 shows the current invention of a jet motor 410displaced between inlet 100 and outlet 102. Additionally, a starter 402is added to the system to start the compressor 406 to allow compressedair to be introduced into the system from compressor inlet 404. A heater408 is also added to the system in this current embodiment to generateadditional energy to be used in the jet motor 410. Finally, a generator412 is attached to shaft 108 of the jet motor 410 to generate electricalenergy.

Starter 402 in this current exemplary embodiment is used to start offthe compressor 406 during the beginning of the operation cycle. Once thecycle has been started, the starter 402 is no longer needed, as shaft108 connected to jet motor 410 is also connected to the compressor 406,of which some of the rotational torque generated can be used to drivecompressor 406.

Starter 402 in the current embodiment is connected directly to shaft108, however, starter 406 can be connected to shaft 108 using a systemof gears and pulleys without departing from the scope of the presentinvention. Although starter 406 is important to the operation of thecurrent invention, it can be eliminated from the system withoutdeparting from the scope of the current invention.

Compressor inlet 404 in the current embodiment is placed beforecompressor 406, which draws in ambient air from compressor inlet 404 inorder to compress the air passing through to jet motor 410.

Compressor 406 in the current embodiment can utilize any numerousmethods of compression, including but not limited to turbines andventure valves, or any other device capable of compression air withoutdeparting from the scope of the present invention. In the currentexemplary embodiment, compressor 406 is connected directly to shaft 108,however, compressor 406 can be connected to shaft 108 using a system ofgears and pulleys without departing from the scope of the presentinvention.

Heater 408 in this exemplary embodiment raises the temperature of theair before it enters the jet motor 410 in order to create more potentialenergy stored in the heat to be converted to rotational torque withinjet motor 410. Heater 408, in the current exemplary embodiment can be acombustion chamber; however, heater 408 can also be a electrical heater,a gas heater, or any other device capable of generating heat withoutdeparting from the scope of the present invention.

Heater 408 in the system increases the efficiency of the system bygenerating more rotational energy than the energy that is required togenerate the heat. Although heater 408 is existent in this preferredembodiment of the application of the current invention, heater 408 canbe eliminated from the current system without departing from the scopeof the present invention.

Jet motor 410 in the current exemplary embodiment is the essence of thecurrent invention, and uses the jet motor effect to create a jet streamwithin the hollow cylindrical housing 300 to drive shaft 108, whichgenerates rotational torque. This rotational torque can be used to drivecompressor 406 as well as generator 412 to create the necessaryelectricity.

Generator 412 in the current exemplary embodiment utilizes therotational torque generated by jet motor 410 transferred through shaft108. This rotational energy can be used by generator 412 to generateelectricity. Generator 412 converts kinetic energy to electrical energyusing electromagnetic induction. The rotational torque generated byshaft 108 is not limited to be used by a generator 412 to generateelectricity, but can also be used to drive other machinery that utilizesrotational torque such as a drive train without departing from the scopeof the present invention.

In the current exemplary embodiment, generator 412 is connected directlyto shaft 108, however, generator 412 can be connected to shaft 108 usinga system of gears and pulleys without departing from the scope of thepresent invention.

FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the current invention whereinhollow cylindrical housing is replaced with a hollow rectangular housing500, requiring rectangular end plate 504 to be attached to the ends,each having a center hole 506 to accommodate shaft 118.

FIG. 5 in this angle allows a better view of the difference in diameterbetween first chord section 110 with an increased radius to allow theformation of a converging-diverging nozzle 116 as shown in previousfigures. Additionally, second chord section 112 with a decreased radiusis also shown in this current exemplary embodiment to eliminate theconverging-diverging nozzle 116, thus allowing rotation of rotor 104.

As shown in the current exemplary embodiment in FIG. 5, inlet 202 isused, as shown previously in the two dimensional FIG. 2 indicating analternative position for the inlet 202 to enter into the hollowrectangular housing 500. Here, inlet 202 is shown to be placed nearoutlet 102 instead of at the opposite end like inlet 100 shown inFIG. 1. As explained above, in this exemplary embodiment, the flow offluid passes into hollow rectangular housing 500 reaches protrusion 114,wherein it encounters a resistance causing the flow of fluid backtowards outlet 102. However, because of the resistance created atprotrusion 114, the reactionary force from the resistance causes rotor104 to spin to generate the desired rotational torque.

Hollow rectangular housing 500 in the current exemplary embodiment issimilar to hollow cylindrical housing 300, in that it provides acircular internal opening to enclose rotor 104. Hollow rectangularhousing 500 can be rectangular, or circular, or any other shape that iscapable of creating a circular internal opening to accommodate saidrotor 104 without departing from the scope of the present invention.

End plates 504 in the current exemplary embodiment serves the samepurpose as end plates 304 in FIG. 3, but differ in shape to accommodatethe change the hollow rectangular housing 500. End plates 504 serves tocreate a seal to the system, thus preventing air to escape from withinsaid hollow rectangular housing 500.

Center hole 506 in the current exemplary embodiment serves the samepurpose as center hole 306 in allowing shaft 108 to extrude out of thesystem in order to transfer the rotational torque to an additionalapparatus such as compressor 406 or a generator 412 as shown in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the current invention whereinchannels 602 are used to generate the converging diverging nozzle 116effect, while introducing prominences 604 along second chord section 112to create the requisite seal within hollow rectangular housing 500.

Channels 602 in the current alternative embodiment replace protrusions114 to create a high velocity jet. Channels 602 still create adiverging-converging nozzle. However, with the introduction of channel602, the first chord section 110 and second chord section 112 no longerneeds to have different diameters, allowing a uniform hollow housing forrotor 104.

In the current alternative embodiment, the channels 602 vary in sizealong rotor 104 to allow the generation of the converging divergingnozzle 116 is would be generated if protrusions 114 were used. The showncarving although uses gradual radial changes to create the high velocityjet, can also take the shape of numerous other designs without departingfrom the scope of the present invention so long as it is capable ofcreating said high velocity jet.

Prominence 604 here in the current embodiment is located along secondchord section 112 to create an obstruction to the flow of air pastsecond chord section 112. The prominences 604 work in conjunction to fitwithin the channels 602 as channels 602 pass through a specific sectionof the second chord section 112.

Numerous characteristics and advantages of the invention have been setforth in the foregoing description, together with details of thestructure and function of the invention, and the novel features thereofare pointed out in appended claims. The disclosure, however, isillustrative only, and changes may be made in detail, especially, inmatters of shape, size and arrangement of parts, materials and thecombination thereof within the principle of the invention, to the fullextend indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which theappended claims are expressed.

1. An apparatus for generating a rotational torque comprising: a hollowhousing; an inlet attached to said hollow housing for allowing a flow offluid into said hollow housing; an outlet attached to said hollowhousing for allowing said flow of fluid out of said hollow housing; anda rotor enclosed within said hollow housing; wherein said rotor createsa jet stream within said cylindrical housing to accelerate said flow offluid within said hollow housing to rotate said rotor.
 2. The apparatusof claim 1, wherein said jet stream flows along an internalcircumference of said hollow housing.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2,wherein said rotor is shaped with a plurality protrusions placed alongthe outer circumference of said rotor to generate a resistance to saidflow of fluid creating said jet stream within said hollow housing. 4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said hollow housing contains a firstchord section with an increased radius to create a gap between saidplurality protrusions placed along the outer circumference of said rotorand the inner diameter of said hollow housing to create said jet stream.5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said gap between said plurality ofcylindrically opposed protrusions and the inner diameter of said hollowhousing creates a converging-diverging nozzle accelerating a velocity ofsaid jet stream.
 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said pluralityprotrusions placed along the outer circumference of said rotor come incontact with a second chord section with a decreased radius to eliminatesaid gap between said plurality protrusions placed along the outercircumference of said rotor and the inner diameter of said hollowhousing.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein said plurality ofprotrusions placed along the outer circumference of said rotor areplaced in a diametrically opposite location.
 8. The apparatus of claim7, wherein said flow of fluid is heated to increase said rotation ofsaid rotor by increasing said velocity of said jet stream.
 9. Theapparatus of claim 8, wherein said inlet and said outlet are positionedat diametrically opposite ends of said hollow housing.
 10. The apparatusof claim 8, wherein said inlet and said outlet are positioned at thesame end of said hollow housing.
 11. The apparatus of claim 2, whereinsaid rotor has a channel along the outer circumference of said rotor toalter said flow of fluid, creating said jet stream within said hollowhousing.
 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said flow of fluidacross said channel creates a converging-diverging nozzle accelerating avelocity of said jet stream.
 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein aprominence is placed along the inner surfaces of said hollow housing toeliminate said gap at said second chord section.
 14. The apparatus ofclaim 13, wherein said channel is placed along the outer circumferenceof said rotor are placed in a diametrically opposite location.
 15. Amethod for generating a rotational torque comprising: supplying a flowof fluid into a hollow housing through an inlet; wherein said flow offluid flows along an internal circumference of said hollow housing;creating a jet stream within said cylindrical housing to accelerate saidflow of fluid within said hollow housing, spinning a rotor about thecenter of said hollow housing to generate said rotational torque;discharging said flow of fluid out of said hollow housing through anoutlet.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein said rotor is shaped with aplurality protrusions placed along the outer circumference of said rotorto generate a resistance to said flow of fluid creating said jet streamwithin said hollow housing.
 17. The method of claim 16, furthercomprising: creating a gap at a first cord section of said hollowhousing between said plurality protrusions placed along the outercircumference of said rotor and the inner diameter of said hollowhousing to create said jet stream by increasing a radius of said hollowhousing.
 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising: creating aconverging-diverging nozzle at said gap between said pluralityprotrusions placed along the outer circumference of said rotor and theinner diameter of said hollow housing that accelerates a velocity ofsaid jet stream.
 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:eliminating said gap at a second cord section between said pluralityprotrusions placed along the outer circumference of said rotor and theinner diameter of said hollow housing by decreasing said radius of saidhollow housing.
 20. The method of claim 19 wherein said plurality ofprotrusions placed along the outer circumference of said rotor areplaced in a diametrically opposite location.
 21. The method of claim 20,further comprising: heating said flow of fluid into said inlet toincrease said rotation of said rotor by increasing said velocity of jetstream.
 22. The method of claim 21, wherein said inlet and said outletare positioned at opposite ends of said hollow housing.
 23. The methodof claim 21, wherein said inlet and said outlet are positioned at thesame end of said hollow housing.
 24. The method of claim 15, whereinsaid rotor is shaped with channels along the outer circumference of saidrotor to alter said flow of fluid, creating said jet stream within saidhollow housing.
 25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein said flow offluid across said channel creates a converging-diverging nozzleaccelerating a velocity of said jet stream.
 26. The apparatus of claim25, wherein a prominence is placed along the inner surfaces of saidhollow housing to eliminate said gap at said second chord section. 27.The apparatus of claim 26, wherein said channel is placed along theouter circumference of said rotor are placed in a diametrically oppositelocation.
 28. An apparatus for generating rotational torque comprising:a hollow housing; an inlet attached to said hollow housing for allowinga flow of fluid into said hollow housing; an outlet attached to saidhollow housing for allowing said flow of fluid out of said hollowhousing; and a rotor enclosed within said cylindrical housing; whereinsaid rotor is shaped with a plurality protrusions placed along the outercircumference of said rotor to generate a resistance to said flow offluid creating a jet stream within said hollow housing.
 29. Theapparatus of claim 28, wherein said jet stream within said hollowhousing is created by a converging-diverging nozzle accelerating avelocity of said jet stream.
 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein saidconverging-diverging nozzle is a gap comprising: a plurality protrusionsplaced along the outer circumference of said rotor on said rotor, and afirst chord section with an increased radius on said hollow housing. 31.The apparatus of claim 30, wherein said jet stream flows along aninternal circumference of said hollow housing.
 32. The apparatus ofclaim 31, wherein said plurality of protrusions placed along the outercircumference of said rotor are placed in a diametrically oppositelocation.